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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Round Heads and Pointed Heads ： ウィキペディア英語版 Round Heads and Pointed Heads ''Round Heads and Pointed Heads'' ((ドイツ語:Die Rundköpfe und die Spitzköpfe)) is an epic parable play written by the German dramatist Bertolt Brecht, in collaboration with Margarete Steffin, Emil Burri, Elisabeth Hauptmann, and the composer Hanns Eisler.〔The play is translated as ''Round Heads and Pointed Heads'' in volume 4 of the standard critical edition of the plays of Bertolt Brecht, edited by Tom Kuhn and John Willett. The play is also translated as ''Round Heads and Peaked Heads'', ''Roundheads and Peakheads'' (trans. N. Goold-Verschoyle, Grove Press 1966, reprinted 1994) or ''Roundheads and Pointheads'' (translation by Michael Feingold). The Goold-Verschoyle translation, the first English version of the play, was originally published in the U.S.S.R in 1937. see Willett (1959, p.41). Margarete Steffin is named ''"Mitarbeiter"'' by Brecht in his ''Collected Works'' (1955). See Willett (1967, 42-43) and Thomson and Sacks (1994, 190).〕 The play's subtitle is ''Money Calls to Money'' and its authors describe it as "a tale of horror."〔Brecht (2001, 1).〕 The play is a satirical anti-Nazi parable about a fictitious country called Yahoo in which the rulers maintain their control by setting the people with round heads against those with pointed heads, thereby substituting racial relations for their antagonistic class relations.〔 The play is composed of 11 scenes in prose and blank verse and 13 songs. Unlike another of Brecht's plays from this period, ''The Mother'', ''Round Heads and Pointed Heads'' was addressed to a wide audience, Brecht suggested, and took account of "purely entertainment considerations."〔Brecht describes the play in this way in his essay "On the Use of Music in an Epic Theatre." See Brecht (1964, 89).〕 Brecht's notes on the play, written in 1936, contain the earliest theoretical application of his "defamiliarization" principle to his own "non-Aristotelian" drama.〔Brecht (1964, 103).〕 ==History== At the suggestion of Ludwig Berger, the theatre and film director, the play was first conceived in November 1931 as an adaptation of Shakespeare's ''Measure for Measure'' for the Young Actors' Group, to be premièred in January 1932 at the Berlin ''Volksbühne''.〔Willett (1967, 42-43) and Kuhn and Willett (2001, viii).〕 Brecht considered this play to be Shakespeare's most philosophical and progressive work, which argued that "those in positions of authority () ought not to demand of their subjects a moral stance which they cannot adopt themselves."〔Brecht writing in 1936 in the Copenhagen theatre journal ''Rundhoder og Spidshoder''. See Kuhn and Willett (2001, ix, 304).〕 Rehearsals for Brecht's play ''The Mother'' distracted him from developing the ''Round Heads'' project in December and its planned production in January failed to materialise, but Brecht and his collaborators returned to its development during 1932.〔Kuhn and Willett (2001, ix).〕 The play was re-written in 1934 in preparation for a planned production under the direction of Per Knutzon in Copenhagen, which fears of censorship prevented.〔 After another re-write in light of its première in 1936, the play was published in German in 1938.〔Kuhn and Willett (2001, x). Earlier versions of the play had already been published in Russian and English (published as ''Round Heads, Peak Heads: or, Rich and Rich Make Good Company'', trans. N. Goold Verschoyle, in ''International Literature'', 5 May 1937).〕 Brecht did not return to the play after that date,〔 though he did include it in his collected works of 1955. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Round Heads and Pointed Heads」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.